Regulation of HeLa cell proliferation and apoptosis by bovine lactoferrin.

Cervical cancer is one of the foremost common cancers in women. Lactoferrin (LF) has many biological functions, such as antitumor. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells and to clarify the potential mechanism of action of bLF against HeLa cells. This study used CCK‐8, Trypan blue staining, and colony formation assays to verify the effect of bLF on HeLa cell proliferation. Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, AO/EB staining, and western blotting were used to determine the effects of bLF on apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells. We discovered that bLF significantly reduced the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner compared to the control group. Furthermore, bLF primarily induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by increasing the expression of the proapoptotic proteins p53, Bax, and Cleaved‐caspase‐3 and downregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. In addition, the present study also showed that bLF treatment significantly activated autophagy‐related proteins LC3B‐II and Beclin I and down regulated the autophagosome transporter protein p62, indicating that bLF treatment can induce autophagy in HeLa cells. After pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3‐MA, which markedly found that autophagy inhibition by 3‐MA reversed bLF‐induced apoptosis, indicating that bLF can induce apoptosis by activating intracellular autophagy in HeLa cells. In the present study, our results support the theory of bLF significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hela cells by promoting apoptosis and reinforcing autophagy. The study will play an important role in therapying cervical cancer. Significance statement: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and the way it is currently treated clinically inevitably has specific adverse effects. Therefore, the antitumor effects of natural active ingredients are a current research hotspot. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative effects of bovine LF (bLF) on HeLa cells. We found that bLF significantly reduced HeLa cells viability, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, we explored the association between bLF‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that bLF significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis and activating autophagy. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of cervical cancer by bLF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]