Pediatric Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

Purpose: To provide a general understanding and framework of action for pediatric nurses to quickly identify anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) in their patients, direct them to proper treatment, and promote high-quality, evidence-based nursing care. Design: A review of current literature on pediatric ANMDARE was performed with PubMed, EBSCO Host, and CINAHL databases using the search terms anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, pediatrics or children, early recognition, diagnosis, nurse, or nursing. Out of 65 journal articles published between the years 2005 and 2022, 52 were reviewed, including original research, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and case reports. Methods: Synthesized publications regarding clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of ANMDARE in pediatric patients. Conclusions: ANMDARE is a complex autoimmune encephalitis that commonly presents in pediatric patients as behavioral changes, psychological disturbances, dyskinesias, and seizure activity. Incidence of ANMDARE in pediatric patients has risen over the past 15 years, yet ANMDARE is not familiar to many pediatric nurses from a clinical, pathological, or treatment standpoint. Proper recognition of ANMDARE and treatment via immunotherapy are crucial for positive clinical outcomes and potential reversal for full recovery, highlighting the need for improved nursing education on the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]