Synthesis of Ni/Clinoptilolite catalyst by modified polyol method for upgrading of bio-oil produced from hazelnut husk pyrolysis.

Bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis of biomass contains high amounts of oxygenated compounds as a result its physicochemical properties may give rise to certain challenges. Zeolite-based catalysts, such as clinoptilolite, have the ability to convert oxygenated compounds into less oxygenated compounds.10%Ni/Clinoptilolite catalyst was synthesized by modified polyol method as an alternative to known methods instead of common catalysts to improve bio-oil quality. Catalyzed/uncatalyzed pyrolysis of hazelnut husk (HH) was conducted for two distinct retention times (15 s and 25 s) and two catalyst/biomass ratios (1:1 and 2:1) to determine the effect of the catalyst. The optimal catalyst/biomass ratio for obtaining the highest aromatic hydrocarbon content was found to be two, whereas the highest aliphatic hydrocarbon content was observed at a ratio of one. An increase in retention time from 15 s to 25 s was found to have a positive impact on the composition of bio-oil, whereas it decreased the aromatic hydrocarbon content only when the ratio of catalyst to biomass was two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]