Development and integration of a hierarchical Pd/WO3 acetone-sensing device for real-time exhaled breath monitoring with disposable face mask.

This study introduces an inventive acetone-sensing device seamlessly integrated into a disposable face mask, enabling real-time continuous breath monitoring. The sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, registering a response of 8.22 at 1 ppm and an impressive sensor response of 57.33 at 100 ppm of acetone concentration. Particularly noteworthy is the remarkable lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 ppm within the concentration range of 0.1–0.8 ppm, underscored by a robust R2 value of 0.994. To validate practicality, the Pd/WO 3 sensor was fabricated onto cellulose paper and utilized for real-time breath analysis, yielding a substantial sensor response of 1.70 at 8 vol% (equivalent to a single exhale breath volume). The unique design incorporates a built-in disposable face mask, facilitating dependable and convenient real-time breath analysis. Additionally, this research explores the profound impact of introducing acetone and Pd atoms on the energy levels and dipole moments. The species elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) investigations encompassing WO 3 , WO 3 -acetone, Pd-WO 3 , and Pd-WO 3 -acetone species. This work presents an innovative and cost-effective approach for developing a portable, non-invasive, and highly sensitive acetone-sensing device, effectively integrated into a disposable face mask for real-time breath analysis. This pioneering technology holds immense potential for various applications in healthcare and beyond. [Display omitted] • This Pd/WO 3 based device can measures continuous exhaling breath. • Hierarchical structure confirmed by scanning and tunneling electron microscopy. • Binding energy peaks corresponding to W6+ and Pd0 oxidation states were observed. • Cellulose paper based device was integrated with disposable face mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]