A comprehensive review on electrodeionization techniques for removal of toxic chloride from wastewater: Recent advances and challenges.

Nowadays, anthropogenic activities such as the utilization of water softeners and street deicers have misleadingly increased the concentration of chloride ions in water sources especially freshwater which leads to contaminated water. The increasing contamination in the natural world needs to enhance the effectiveness of persistent pollutant removal approaches for improved removal of specific heavy metals. Electrodeionization (EDI) has recently been demonstrated as a productive technique for eliminating toxic pollutants from contaminated streams. EDI functions indefinitely, eliminating any requirement for manual operating cycles or chemical reagents, thereby assuring an ongoing supply of high-purity water with zero by products. EDI is a sustainable method that utilizes electricity to eliminate the toxic ions from the water. This review aims at exploring the fundamental mechanism and principle of ion transport through the ion exchange membrane in an EDI system. In addition, chloride ion remediation using the EDI strategy has been reviewed in detail with reference to research work in the EDI systems. This comprehensive review examines the recent advances as well as the environmental and economic benefits of the EDI system in water purification. Finally, the synoptic review discusses the technical challenges and recommends future prospects to enhance the EDI system for treating contaminated water. Thus, EDI system has been effective in removing toxic ions from environment mitigating the hazardous effects. [Display omitted] • The electrodeionization technique for chloride removal has been reviewed. • Chloride toxicity in water and its impact on humans and environment were addressed. • Performance and mechanism of electrodialysis for chloride removal were discussed. • Economic and environmental benefits of electrodeionization were elucidated. • Recent advances with challenges and future prospects have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]