The Effect of Asynchronous Grouting Pressure Distribution on Ultra-Large-Diameter Shield Tunnel Segmental Response.

The complex distribution of synchronous grouting pressure results in excessive tunnel deformation and various structural diseases, especially for ultra-large-diameter shield tunnels. In this study, to reduce the risk of tunnel failure, a three-dimensional refined finite element model was established for the Wuhan Lianghu highway tunnel project, taking into account the non-uniform distribution of synchronous grouting pressure. This study focuses on investigating the development patterns of internal forces, deformations, and damages in segment structures under varying grouting pressure ratios. The results indicate that the primary failure mode of a segment is tensile failure occurring at the outer edge of the arch. Moreover, an increased ratio of grouting pressure between the arch bottom and top leads to a higher positive bending moment value and greater tensile damage at the arch waist. The tunnel ring gradually exhibits distinct "horizontal duck egg" shape deformation. When the grouting pressure ratio is 2.8, there is a risk of tensile cracking at the outer edge of the arch waist. At this time, the segment convergence deformation is 39.71 mm, and the overall floating amount reaches 43.12 mm. This research offers engineering reference for the prediction of internal forces and deformations in ultra-large-diameter shield tunnels during grouting construction, thereby facilitating their application in the development of resilient cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]