Day-Ahead Bidding Strategy of a Virtual Power Plant with Multi-Level Electric Energy Interaction in China.

Effective aggregation and rational allocation of flexible resources are the fundamental methods for solving the problem of an insufficient flexibility adjustment ability of a power system. The flexible scheduling resources of a distribution system are often small in scale and distributed mostly by different stakeholders. A virtual power plant (VPP) gathers small resources to participate in the day-ahead electricity market, but, due to the scale and characteristics of a VPP's internal flexible resources, it cannot reach the access threshold of a peak shaving market in some periods due to small differences. In order to solve the market bidding problem of a VPP limited by capacity, and to achieve economic goals, a virtual power plant operator (VPPO) not only needs to interact with internal subjects but also needs to interact with other subjects with flexible resources in the distribution network. In this study, an electric vehicle (EV) cluster is taken as the interactive object, and a day-ahead bidding strategy of a VPP with multi-level electric energy interaction is proposed. The VPP not only makes full-time game pricing for internal participants but also makes time-sharing bargaining with an EV operator. The validity and the rationality of the proposed strategy are verified by an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]