The effect of sn addition on the performance of hydrothermal synthesized lithium titanium oxide.

Li4Ti5O12 was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The high hydrothermal temperature can reduce the particle size and prevent the formation of impurities, such as rutile TiO2. Can be proven by the absence of the rutile TiO2 phase in LTO with variations in hydrothermal temperature of 220 °C and 240 °C. The mixing process with Sn was also used to observe the performance obtained from the addition. The working voltage of all samples is in the range of 1.56-1.61 V which corresponded to the Li4Ti5O12 theoretical working voltage of 1.55 V. The largest specific capacity is obtained from LTO with 220 °C hydrothermal temperature and 7.5% Sn addition which was 142.06 mAh/g according to the smallest particle size and the largest porosity so that the electrode worked with the best performance. At the same current rate, all samples had a stable performance after undergone a charge discharge process for 28 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]