Candida glabrata: A powerhouse of resistance.

Polyenes act by permeabilising fungal cell membranes, resulting in cell death (Fig 1); resistance to polyenes occurs via altered sterol biosynthesis and damage to plasma membrane integrity. I glabrata i combines traits of genetic rewiring, cell wall modification, environmental adaptation, and intrinsic antifungal resistance to establish itself as a powerhouse of resistance against host and therapeutics. I glabrata i -specific gene expansions affecting cell wall organisation, where there are 6 copies of extracellular glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl proteases, 8 copies of alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase involved in cell wall biogenesis, and a variable number of EPA (epithelial adhesin) genes located in subtelomeric regions [[2]]. 4: Antifungal drug resistance and the future of drug regimes The antifungal repertoire is limited to 4 extant and 2 novel drug classes with azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes and flucytosine (a nucleoside analogue with proven utility in combination regimes for I Cryptococcus i ) as the main classes. [Extracted from the article]