PRADA: Practical Black-box Adversarial Attacks against Neural Ranking Models.

The article's focus lies in examining the vulnerability of neural ranking models (NRMs) to adversarial attacks, particularly emphasizing the Word Substitution Ranking Attack (WSRA) task, aiming to enhance a target document's ranking by subtly altering its text. It covers topics such as proposing a novel PRADA method for generating adversarial examples, conducting experiments on web search datasets, and highlighting the importance of identifying NRM vulnerabilities to enhance model robustness.