Exogenous Thiamine Application Improves the Survival ofWickerhamomyces anomalusunder Ethanol Stress.

All living organisms require thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin, which is also reported to play a role in response to various abiotic stresses. However, the impact of thiamine on the growth of Wickerhamomyces anomalus under ethanol stress is still not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous thiamine application on the growth of W. anomalus under ethanol stress. We also investigated how thiamine affected the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. The results showed that exogenous thiamine application improved the growth of ethanol-stressed W. anomalus. The DEMs affected by exogenous thiamine application were significantly enriched as ABC transporters process, glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, and one carbon pool via folate and sulfur relay system using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Several pathways, such as arginine biosynthesis, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, etc., were also regulated by thiamine because they were not enriched after exogenous thiamine application. Therefore, thiamine helped to protect W. anomalus from the effects of ethanol stress. These findings offer a theoretical basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of thiamine-mediated ethanol stress tolerance in W. anomalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]