Edge grassland provide a stronger thermal buffer against core grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia.

[Display omitted] • The grassland area has shown a decreasing trend in the past 21 years. • The grassland has been severely fragmented in the past 21 years. • Edge grassland has higher productivity compared with core grassland. • Edge grassland has a stronger thermal buffer compared with core grassland. The impact of land use/cover change on land surface temperature is an important topic in research on biodiversity, environment planning, sustainability. However, such studies are rare in grassland ecosystems. Based on morphological spatial pattern analysis, we analyzed the change in grassland landscape patterns in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2020. We also examined the impact of grassland landscape pattern change on productivity and land surface temperature. We found that the grassland area decreased significantly, with grassland fragmentation increasing during the past 20 years. A series of landscape types showed different area changes: the area of islet and perforation increased, and the area of core, edge, and bridge decreased. Compared with the core grassland, the edge grassland shows higher productivity, which is a positive edge effect. Moreover, the edge grassland has a lower daytime temperature, higher nighttime temperature, and a smaller daily range than that in the core grassland. Our study highlights that the edge grassland has higher productivity and stronger thermal buffering. We suggest that more attention should be paid to the edge areas in grassland management to alleviate the thermal stress caused by human induced climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]