Thyroid transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in Small Tail Han sheep with <italic>FecB++ </italic> genotype.

Abstract The thyroid gland is an important endocrine gland in animals, which mainly secretes thyroid hormones and acts on various organs of the body. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in animal reproduction. However, there is still a lack of understanding of their expression patterns and potential roles in the thyroid of Small Tail Han (STH) sheep. In this study, RNA-seq was used to examine the transcriptome expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the follicular phase (ww_FT) and luteal phase (ww_LT) in <italic>FecB++ </italic> genotype STH Sheep. A total of 17,217 lncRNAs and 39,112 mRNAs were identified including 96 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 1054 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs). Functional analysis of genes with significant differences in expression level showed that these genes could be enriched in Ras signalling pathway, hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and other signalling pathways related to animal reproduction. In addition, through correlation analysis for lncRNA–mRNA co-expression and network construction, we found that LNC_009115 and LNC_005796 trans target NIK-related kinase (<italic>NRK</italic>) and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (<italic>PARN</italic>). LNC_007189 and LNC_002045 trans target progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 (<italic>PIBF1</italic>), LNC_009013 trans targets small mothers against decapentaplegic (<italic>SMAD1</italic>) are related to animal reproduction. These genes add new resources for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of reproduction in sheep with different reproductive cycles of the <italic>FecB++ </italic> genotype STH sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]