Influence of chronic hypoxia on the hypoxic ventilatory response of juvenile and adult rats.

Chronic hypoxia (CH) from birth attenuates the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in rats and other mammals, but CH is often reported to augment the HVR in adult mammals. To test the hypothesis that this transition – from blunting to augmenting the HVR – occurs in the third or fourth postnatal week in rats, juvenile and adult rats were exposed to normobaric CH (12% O 2) for 7 days and the HVR was assessed by whole-body plethysmography. No transition was observed, however, and the acute HVR was reduced by 61 – 85% across all ages studied. The failure to observe an augmented HVR in adult rats could not be explained by the substrain of Sprague Dawley rats used, the duration of the CH exposure, the order in which test gases were presented, the level of hypoxia used for CH and to assess the HVR, or the effects of CH on the metabolic response to hypoxia and the hypercapnic ventilatory response. A literature survey revealed several distinct patterns of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH) in adult rats, with most studies (77%) revealing a decrease or no change in the acute HVR after CH. In conclusion, the effects of CH on respiratory control are qualitatively similar across age groups, at least within the populations of Sprague Dawley rats used in the present study, and there does not appear to be one "typical" pattern for VAH in adult rats. • Chronic hypoxia causes respiratory plasticity, but it reportedly varies with age. • The plasticity might transition from blunting to enhancing the HVR in older rats. • In contrast, we found that chronic hypoxia blunted the HVR across all ages studied. • A review of published studies showed blunting to be a common result for adult rats. • There is no "typical" pattern of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]