Evaluation of karanja and safflower biodiesel on engine's performance and emission characteristics along with nanoparticles in DI engine.

• Karanja and safflower blends were tested in the DI engine at 20% and 40%. • Copper oxide nanoparticles of 50 ppm were incorporated in biodiesel blends. • Nanoparticles enriched fuel reported reduced BSFC than other test blends. • Combustion Noise, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine were assessed. Studies have demonstrated that biodiesel may be used as a suitable replacement for conventional diesel fuel due to its many advantages. Negative effects, such as low energy generation, increased fuel use, and NOx emissions, must be addressed, however. As a result, biodiesel with enhanced quality, performance, and emission characteristics can be achieved by the use of environmentally friendly nano-additives. Karanja and Safflower oil mixes were used in this study to determine the engine's performance and emissions. Engine speed ranging from 1200 rpm to 2400 rpm was employed on 20% and 40% fraction ratio of biodiesel along with nanoparticles to assess emission and performance metrics. Copper oxide nanoparticles of 50 ppm were blended with different biodiesel fractions through ultrasonication. At 2100 rpm, the brake power, NOx emissions, and smoke capacity were all found to be optimal. All blends' BTE and BSFC had not shown a significant difference from diesel. When the copper oxide nanoparticle was added to the engine, it improved the engine's combustion and performance characteristics, regardless of the engine speed. Karanja outperformed safflower biodiesel blends in terms of performance and emissions. There was no discernible difference between the two blends in terms of combustion noise. The use of nanoadditives decreases the combustion noise marginally as compared with biodiesel fuel. Researchers' findings demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of karanja and safflower improve performance in biodiesel blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]