萜类中药单体调控核转录因子 κB 信号通路防治骨质疏松症的机制.

BACKGROUND: The nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that terpenoid herbal monomer compounds can inhibit the activity of bone resorbing cells and promote the differentiation of bone forming cells via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, thus reducing bone resorption and increasing bone formation, which has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: By analyzing and summarizing the domestic and international literature, to investigate the relationship between nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and osteoporosis in depth, elucidate the mechanism of terpenoid monomer compounds in regulating the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway to prevent osteoporosis, and systematically summarize the terpenoid monomer compounds targeting to regulate the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway to prevent osteoporosis. METHODS: According to the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers searched for relevant articles published from database inception to December 2022 in CNKI and PubMed using the search terms “NF-κB, osteoporosis, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, angiogenesis, traditional Chinese medicine, terpenoid” in Chinese and English, respectively. A third researcher summarized and organized the literature and 75 articles were finally included for a systematic review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway mediates the onset and progression of osteoporosis by regulating the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as angiogenesis. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway negatively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway enhances osteoclast activity and inhibits osteoblast growth, thereby inhibiting compensatory bone production to maintain bone homeostasis. However, over-activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway can lead to osteoporosis. The nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway is involved in the “angiogenesis-osteogenesis” coupling by upregulating the expression levels of cytokines such as angiopoietin-1, platelet-derived growth factor BB and vascular endothelial growth factor, which promote the growth of blood vessels in bone. The terpenoid herbal monomer compounds are used in the field of tissue engineering to promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells, thereby promoting the growth and repair of bone tissue. Terpenoid herbal monomer compounds can prevent and treat osteoporosis by inhibiting the degradation of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, blocking nuclear factor-κB/p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby weakening the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Currently, research on the regulation of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by monomeric compounds of terpenoids to prevent osteoporosis is mainly based on in vitro cellular experiments and animal models, and there is a lack of research on the complex physiological and pathological processes in humans. In the future, more clinical trials and studies are needed to further clarify the mechanism of action and efficacy of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway involved in the intervention of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]