MBGA-Net: A multi-branch graph adaptive network for individualized motor imagery EEG classification.

• The proposed model is adaptively adjusted. • The average accuracy of the proposed model exceeds 85% on several datasets. • The model ensures better accuracy for each subject. • The proposed data augmentation method is applicable to many types of data. • The proposed model captures both intra- and inter-channel features of EEG. Background and objective: The development of deep learning has led to significant improvements in the decoding accuracy of Motor Imagery (MI) EEG signal classification. However, current models are inadequate in ensuring high levels of classification accuracy for an individual. Since MI EEG data is primarily used in medical rehabilitation and intelligent control, it is crucial to ensure that each individual's EEG signal is recognized with precision. Methods: We propose a multi-branch graph adaptive network (MBGA-Net), which matches each individual EEG signal with a suitable time-frequency domain processing method based on spatio-temporal domain features. We then feed the signal into the relevant model branch using an adaptive technique. Through an enhanced attention mechanism and deep convolutional method with residual connectivity, each model branch more effectively harvests the features of the related format data. Results: We validate the proposed model using the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a and dataset 2b. On dataset 2a, the average accuracy and kappa values are 87.49 % and 0.83, respectively. The standard deviation of individual kappa values is only 0.08. For dataset 2b, the average classification accuracies obtained by feeding the data into the three branches of MBGA-Net are 85.71 % , 85.83 % , and 86.99 % , respectively. Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrate that MBGA-Net could effectively perform the classification task of motor imagery EEG signals, and it exhibits strong generalization performance. The proposed adaptive matching technique enhances the classification accuracy of each individual, which is beneficial for the practical application of EEG classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]