Intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de vida en adultos mayores: revisión sistemática con preguntas PIO.

Demographic change projects an increase in the number of older adults, so it is essential to have adequate strategies to promote a healthy life. The objective was to carry out a systematic review of the publications from the years 2015-2020. The analysis used the PIO questions technique : P (population of interest), I (intervention), O (outcome/result) in the Pubmed, PsycInfo, Ovid, and Redalyc databases, and MeSH terms older adults'; physical activation; cognitive training and quality of life. The search included the Boolean NOT connector with fragility and disease. Of the total articles (n = 1651), articles published before 2015 (n = 643), without access to the full text (n = 323), with participants with comorbidity (n = 312), were discarded since interventions included programs for populations with different diseases. Eleven published articles were selected, leading to a Flow chart. The main findings describe the techniques used in the professional's profile and variables. In conclusion, cognitive training improves memory, inhibition, flexibility, selective attention, self-esteem, and quality of life. In comparison, physical exercise promotes increased muscle tone, balance, and strength and a lower risk of falls. The findings suggest combining both interventions leads to enhanced effects and favors a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]