Maternal mortality is preventable in Lebanon: A case series of maternal deaths to identify lessons learned using the "Three Delays" model.

Objective: To identify the lessons learned from women who died during pregnancy or childbirth in Lebanon between 2018 and 2020. Method: This is a case series and synthesis of maternal deaths between 2018 and 2020 that were reported by healthcare facilities to the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon. The notes recorded from the maternal mortality review reports were analyzed using the "Three Delays" model to identify preventable causes and lessons learned. Results: A total of 49 women died before, during, or after childbirth, with hemorrhage being the most frequent cause (n = 16). The possible factors that would have prevented maternal deaths included a prompt recognition of clinical severity, availability of blood for transfusion and magnesium sulfate for eclampsia, adequate transfer to tertiary care hospitals comprising specialist care, and involvement of skilled medical staff in obstetric emergencies. Conclusion: Many maternal deaths in Lebanon are preventable. Better risk assessment, use of an obstetric warning system, access to adequately skilled human resources and medications, and improved communication and transfer mechanisms between private and tertiary care hospitals may avoid future maternal deaths. Synopsis: Maternal mortality in Lebanon can be prevented by improving referral practices between healthcare facilities, ensuring availability of essential medicines and blood products, and prompt recognition of clinical deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]