Comparison of traditional district heating with low temperature district heating systems featuring organic Rankine cycle and heat pump.

Paper presents a comparison between a traditional district heating system with conventional boilers as a source of heat and electricity purchases from power utilities and a low temperature DH system incorporating the CHP with organic Rankine Cycle providing electricity and local heat pump raising the temperature of the DH fluid to the required temperature in the dwelling, meaning that both heat and electricity are produced within the system. Additionally, such "island" system may feature or not the heat pump. Comparisons are made based on the results obtained using a developed simple analytical model enabling calculations of the efficiency of respective systems. The analyses have a general character and can be used in studies of complex networks however presented in the paper simple examples show merely the fundamental capabilities of the developed tool. The objective of the heat pump in the system is to increase temperature of hot water to the required level locally at the dwelling and provide the heating in such way, contrary to the traditional system, where water heating is considered by the use of electric heaters to increase parameters of water for central heating purposes and preparation of utility hot water. Presence of the heat pump in the system allows for significantly lower temperatures of distributed in the network heat carrier. • Comparison between a traditional DH with conventional boilers and a LTDH system with ORC CHP and local heat pump. • Heat pump to locally raise temperature to the required values. • Simple analytical model enabling calculations of the efficiency of respective systems. • Heat pump in the system allows for significantly lower temperatures of water in DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]