Hysteresis of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to CO2 forcing.

The article examines the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its response to carbon dioxide reduction, revealing strong hysteresis effects in sea surface temperature variability and global teleconnections. Topics include the significant increase in Eastern Pacific SST anomaly variance during CO2 ramp-down, attributed to the tropical Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone's meridional position response, impacting ENSO's prolonged influence under varied future mitigation pathways.