Invasive mammalian wildlife and the risk of zoonotic parasites.

Invasive wild mammals are present in all continents, with Europe, North America, and the Asian-Pacific region having the largest number of established species. In particular, Europe has been the continent with the highest number of zoonotic parasites associated with invasive wild mammals. These invasive species may represent a major threat for the conservation of native ecosystems and may enter in the transmission cycle of native parasites, or act as spreaders of exotic parasites. Here, we review the role of invasive wild mammals as spreaders of zoonotic parasites, presenting important examples from Europe, America, and the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, we emphasize the need for more research on these mammals and their parasites, especially in areas where their monitoring is scantily performed. Several invasive wild mammals are involved in the transmission cycle of zoonotic parasites, with Europe representing the continent with most examples described. The role of invasive wild mammals in the introduction and spread of zoonotic parasites has been ignored in some geographical regions, such as Africa. Surveillance of invasive wild mammals is needed to better understand their impact on public health and conservation of native species. Apart from being a source of a range of zoonotic parasites, invasive wild mammals should also be considered as a risk for indigenous wildlife, as they may hamper conservation efforts due to the transmission of alien parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]