Aklî Temaşaya İmkân Sağlaması Açısından Iamblichus’un Theurge Ritüelleri İle İbn Ṭufeyl’de Riyazet Düşüncesi Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma.

Iamblichus, an Arab philosopher who lived in the Sham/Damascus region in the third and fourth centuries and was considered part of the Neoplatonic tradition. Although some of his works are lost, some have survived to provide us with an idea of his philosophical system. Ibn Tufayl, an important philosopher who was influenced by the Neoplatonic tradition and lived in the region of Andalusia, was known for combining Platonism and Aristotelianism in his philosophy, which had an influence on Islamic philosophy as well as many other disciplines and philosophers. In particular, the hierarchy of existence proposed by Plotinus, which suggests a spiritual ascent for humans as a rational being, leading to a certain level of competence, has been interpreted as having a mystical character. One of the main questions in this regard is whether this spiritual ascent is merely a mental effort or whether action/ritual is also necessary to support this effort. Along with the epistemological dimension of the subject from a philosophical point of view, there is also a moral dimension. We see that there are not many academic studies on Iamblichus in Turkish, who made important original contributions to the Neoplatonic system, while the number of studies on Ibn Tufayl is relatively high. In this study, we will focus on the question of whether achieving true knowledge and happiness through the contemplation of divine truths requires some rituals according to both philosophers' ideas. In this context, we will first discuss the philosophical background, and Pisagor, Plato, and Plotinus' thoughts on the subject will be examined, and then the similarities and differences between the two philosophers will be identified by determining the points where Iamblichus and Ibn Tufayl's original thoughts differ from the previous tradition. Iamblichus requires certain daily rituals in his most unique contribution to Neoplatonism, the theurgic idea, to achieve the desired mental level, while Ibn Tufayl suggests certain activities in daily life, which he calls riyazet, to be carried out for the internal experience required to attain this level. Both philosophers are influenced by the ideas of Plato and Plotinus, and the influence of Pisagor is also apparent in their thoughts. However, the similarity between the thoughts of Iamblichus and Ibn Tufayl raises the possibility that Ibn Tufayl may have been influenced by Iamblichus. Especially, the daily rituals related to the life of Ḥayy b. Yaḳẓān and some personal characteristics of Ḥayy b. Yaḳẓān in Ibn Tufayl's only philosophical work, and Pisagor's biography and thoughts in Iamblichus's work are among the similarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]