Management of Phytophthora spp. associated with citrus gummosis by using chemicals and nanoparticles.

Citrus is the most valuable fruit industry in the world as well as in Pakistan, due to its different nutritional aspects. But this fruit industry is facing huge losses due to various biotic and abiotic diseases. Citrus gummosis caused by water loving fungus Phytophthora species is also one of the major diseases of citrus around the globe. This study was conducted to evaluate five different chemicals (Kasumin, Evito, Cabrio top, Topsin M, Kocide @ 100, 200 and 300 ppm concentrations) and three treatments of plant based nanoparticles (Silver, Copper and their combination @ 0.25, 0.5 and 1% concentrations) against Phytophthora spp. under lab conditions through poisoned food technique. Among fungicides, the least mycelial growth was observed by application of Evito at 300 ppm concentration followed Kasumin and Kocide at same concentration, whereas among nanoparticles combination of Silver and Copper nanoparticles was found most effective against the mycelial growth followed by solo application of silver and copper at 1 % concentration respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]