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Insights into Cellular Localization and Environmental Influences on the Toxicity of Marine Fish-Killing Flagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo.
- Source :
-
International Journal of Molecular Sciences . Jun2023, Vol. 24 Issue 12, p10333. 22p. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Heterosigma akashiwo is a unicellular microalga which can cause massive mortality in both wild and cultivated fish worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses. Environmental parameters such as salinity, light, and temperature showed a significant effect on bloom initiation and the toxicity of H. akashiwo. While in previous studies a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was utilized, which only changes one variable at a time while keeping others constant, in the current study a more precise and effective design of experiment (DOE) approach, was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of three factors and their interactions. The study employed a central composite design (CCD) to investigate the effect of salinity, light intensity, and temperature on the toxicity, lipid, and protein production of H. akashiwo. A yeast cell assay was developed to assess toxicity, which offers rapid and convenient cytotoxicity measurements using a lower volume of samples compared to conventional methods using the whole organism. The obtained results showed that the optimum condition for toxicity of H. akashiwo was 25 °C, a salinity of 17.5, and a light intensity of 250 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The highest amount of lipid and protein was found at 25 °C, a salinity of 30, and a light intensity of 250 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Consequently, the combination of warm water mixing with lower salinity river input has the potential to enhance H. akashiwo toxicity, which aligns with environmental reports that establish a correlation between warm summers and extensive runoff conditions that indicate the greatest concern for aquaculture facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *STREAM salinity
*LIGHT intensity
*ENVIRONMENTAL reporting
*FLAGELLATA
*SALINITY
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 164649394
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210333