Causal Inference for Heterogeneous Data and Information Theory.

The papers range from the theoretical ones, the paper applying the models, to the papers providing software tools for causal inference. B Instrumental variable in causal inference. b Papers [[1], [3]] investigate models using instrumental variable in causal inference. The present Special Issue of Entropy, entitled "Causal Inference for Heterogeneous Data and Information Theory", covers various aspects of causal inference. In the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled to incorporate the potential confounders, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimators such as the Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) estimator, based on neural networks (NN). [Extracted from the article]