A simulation-based multi-objective two-level optimization decision-making approach for supporting balanced irrigation water management.

In this study, a simulation-based multi-objective two-level optimization decision-making approach is developed for optimal irrigation water allocation, improving irrigation water productivity and controlling regional accumulated salts. Techniques of multi-objective programming, two-level programming and simulation model of water and salt physical movement process are incorporated into the modeling framework. The simulated processes are parameterized and calibrated with field experimental data while the optimization model is used to generate optimal solutions though predefined objectives and the associated constraints. This model is applied to a case study on irrigation water allocation in the Jiefangzha Irrigation Subarea in Hetao Irrigation District, Northwest China. Firstly, the study area is delineated into several homogeneous irrigation decision-making units (IDMUs) for better characterizing their spatial variability because it's spatially heterogeneous. Afterwards, decomposition-coordination algorithm is introduced to solve such an integrated simulation-based multi-objective two-level optimization model. Finally, optimal solutions of irrigation water allocation for different crops during crop growth periods in different IDMUs can be obtained for supporting sustainable strategies of irrigation. The results can achieve balanced tradeoffs between different stakeholders (i.e., the upper-level decision-makers and the lower-level farmers) and between conflicting economic objectives and environmental objectives. Moreover, optimal solutions have a slight increase in economic returns over the baseline scenario (i.e., status quo), but the irrigation water productivity is increased by nearly 60% due to less irrigation water used. Regional accumulated salts can be controlled because the soil salinity is constrained within the predetermined salt accumulation constraint. Therefore, these findings can provide evidence for efficient use of irrigation water resources and further support of sustainable irrigated agriculture. • A simulation-based multi-objective two-level optimization model is developed. • This study addresses three objectives, and reflects sequential decisions. • An efficient algorithm is introduced to solve such an integrated model. • The study area is delineated into several irrigation decision-making units. • The results balance tradeoffs between economic and environmental objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]