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Vitality in Newborn Farm Animals: Adverse Factors, Physiological Responses, Pharmacological Therapies, and Physical Methods to Increase Neonate Vigor.

Authors :
Bienboire-Frosini, Cécile
Muns, Ramon
Marcet-Rius, Míriam
Gazzano, Angelo
Villanueva-García, Dina
Martínez-Burnes, Julio
Domínguez-Oliva, Adriana
Lezama-García, Karina
Casas-Alvarado, Alejandro
Mota-Rojas, Daniel
Source :
Animals (2076-2615). May2023, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p1542. 28p.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

Simple Summary: Vitality is a characteristic that in newborn animals demonstrates their vigor and their general state of health (heart rate, respiratory rate, skin color, time that they take to stand up) during the first hours of life. It can be measured by numerical scores based on some scales made for babies and then adapted for various animals. Vitality can be affected by several factors. The objective of this review is to analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as understand the factors affecting their vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It is essential to evaluate vitality in newborns because it can contribute to implementing interventions to reduce newborn mortality. Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes' coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn's health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by trained personnel and adequate equipment. Evaluating vitality could reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality in domestic animals, even if it is sometimes difficult with the current organization of some farms. This review highlights the importance of increasing the number of stock people during the expected days of parturitions to reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus, improve the farm's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762615
Volume :
13
Issue :
9
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Animals (2076-2615)
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
163687475
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091542