Activated carbon from rice husk with various activators for lithium-ion battery cathode material additive.

Activated carbon is needed as an additive in the cathode and anode materials of the battery. Rice husk is a carbon source that allows it to be synthesized into activated carbon using an activator. Measurements using a simultane thermal analyzer (STA) showed that changes in the thermal pattern of rice husks occurred at temperatures of 400°C and 700°C. Dry and clean rice husks were carbonated at 400°C for 2 hours, activated with HCl, H3PO4, NaOH, or ZnCl2, then calcined at 700°C for 2 hours. The crystal structure analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that carbon was formed and the results of morphological observations using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the formation of activated carbon with an average pore diameter of 15 mm. The results of measurements using the impedance capacitance resistance meter showed the highest value 6.48x10-4 S.cm-1 was found in the use of 0.1 M NaOH activator, showing the most effective activator in comparison to other activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]