Activation of Parabrachial Tachykinin 1 Neurons Counteracts Some Behaviors Mediated by Parabrachial Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Neurons.

[Display omitted] • Activation of Tac1PBN neurons promotes escape, not freezing. • Activation of Tac1PBN neurons does not elicit conditioned taste aversion (CTA). • Activation of Tac1PBN neurons blocks CTA generated by LiCl or CGRPPBN activation. • Activation of Tac1+;CGRP− via INTRSECT replicates Tac1PBN activation. Many threats activate parabrachial neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRPPBN) which transmit alarm signals to forebrain regions. Most CGRPPBN neurons also express tachykinin 1 (Tac1), but there are also Tac1-expressing neurons in the PBN that do not express CGRP (Tac1+;CGRP− neurons). Chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of all Tac1PBN neurons in mice elicited many physiological/behavioral responses resembling the activation of CGRPPBN neurons, e.g., anorexia, jumping on a hot plate, avoidance of photostimulation; however, two key responses opposed activation of CGRPPBN neurons. Activating Tac1PBN neurons did not produce conditioned taste aversion and it elicited dynamic escape behaviors rather than freezing. Activating Tac1+;CGRP− neurons, using an intersectional genetic targeting approach, resembles activating all Tac1PBN neurons. These results reveal that activation of Tac1+;CGRP− neurons can suppress some functions attributed to the CGRPPBN neurons, which provides a mechanism to bias behavioral responses to threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]