“双碳”目标下可再生能源发展规划实施的 用地困境及其纾解.

Under the background of land use control and ecological environment zoning control, how to ensure the land demand for large-scale renewable energy development has become an urgent problem to be solved in the implementation of renewable energy development plans. The implementation of renewable energy development plans in China is still facing dilemmas from land space constraints, land use conflicts, ecological environment constraints, and ‘Not in My Backyard’ (NIMBY) effect. In the central and eastern regions, land space constraints are manifested in the scarcity of renewable energy land sources. Land sources for large-scale renewable energy development should be expanded mainly through the three-dimensional development of land space and the reuse of contaminated and mine waste lands. In the western region, although there is a large area of unused land, the effective supply of land for large-scale renewable energy development is still insufficient due to the constraints of the ecological protection red line or the weakness of the power grid, energy storage, and other infrastructures. The synergy between renewable energy development planning and land space planning and the control of ecological environment zoning should be achieved mainly by establishing a renewable energy planning area system and improving the ecological protection red line system. Renewable energy power generation, such as wind energy, photovoltaic energy, and solar thermal utilization, has an impact on the ecological environment mainly by changing the way of land use, negatively affecting biodiversity, water and soil conservation, and other ecosystem services. To avoid or reduce the impact of renewable energy development on the ecological environment, China should realize the synergy between the goals of renewable energy development and ecological environmental protection, and establish a sound management system for renewable energy development with the collaboration of the competent departments of ecological environment, natural resources, and energy, as well as a management mechanism for renewable energy development that is compatible with the requirements of ecological environmental protection. The construction and operation of renew⁃ able energy power generation facilities may have adverse impacts on community residents in terms of noise, lighting, landscape, open space, leisure, and entertainment, and thus produce the NIMBY effect. To address the NIMBY effect of renewable energy development and utilization, standards should be scientifically formulated to regulate the adverse impacts of renewable energy power generation on the surrounding residents, improve relevant public participation mechanisms, respect stakeholders, and establish a benefit-sharing mechanism for renewable energy development to achieve a win-win situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]