A relationship between productivity and significant controlling factors of highway construction earthwork.

Productivity has a significant impact on the success of a highway con- struction project. Furthermore, time and cost predictions are primarily based on previous productivity. Thus, reasonably accurate productivity forecasting is required to plan highway construction projects successfully. Predicting the productivity of construction operations, on the other hand, is difficult. Due to dynamic variations in productivity throughout construction, frequent and consistent time basis produc- tivity forecasting is crucial for effective highway construction management. This study aimed to identify and examine the impact of critical factors on the produc- tivity rate of highway construction earthwork activities. Given the dynamic and context-dependent nature of productivity, the study analyzed extensive literature and employed multiple embedded case studies to address the study’s stated aims. Based on cross-case and statistical analysis, it was found that the critical factors influencing soft excavation productivity rate were allowable working space or clearance width, working hours, and weather conditions (temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall). In the case of hard excavation, the critical factors influencing productivity rate were terrain type, clearance width, working hours, and weather conditions (temperature and cloud cover). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]