Co-modality in city logistics: Sounds good, but how?

Co-modality is widely applied in medium- and long-haul transport by providing an integrated transport solution for both passenger and freight. This paper aims to investigate how the concept can support the short-haul market in city logistics. Though a few trials have been carried out by using the tram to serve cargo delivery, most of them were suspended or failed due to its substantial investment in dedicated vehicles and even track and inadequate service demand. Therefore, we reviewed the literature and global co-modality schemes. Combined with inputs from stakeholders in Sydney, Australia, we listed the key components of a feasible co-modality solution and conducted a series of numerical tests. We found that co-modality, considering its short dwell time for cargo handling in city transport stations, could be ideal to facilitate consignments with low volume but a very high requirement on time reliability—such as same-day delivery. By providing unaccompanied coverage in the middle mile, co-modality has the potential to save operational costs and bring environmental benefits. We presented the delivery process, business model canvas and technical capability of a prototype co-modal journey, and presented the opportunities, challenges, and potential benefits for future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]