A critical review on the effect of morphology, stability, and thermophysical properties of graphene nanoparticles in nanolubricants and nanofluids.

This paper presents a blueprint for major exploration advances in graphene-based nanolubricants and nanofluids achieved over the last few years. Graphene is being studied worldwide as a coolant and lubricant additive due to its excellent thermophysical and tribological properties. With this in mind, a variety of synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and methods are highlighted for studying tested and developed properties. In addition to that, factors influencing the thermal conductivity, viscosity, stability, and applications of different nanoparticles are described in detail. Improvement of viscosity, antiwear, and thermal conductivity behavior of graphene-based nanofluids plays a vital role, but not many mechanisms have been introduced. Graphene nanoparticles are most effective and promising the better heat transfer rate among other mostly used nanoparticles in the cooling and lubricant sector. It increases the effectiveness almost two times at higher concentration suspended in water. This complete overview, along with key comments and recommendations, may relate to future headings in this audit area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]