Torsional buckling of functionally graded graphene reinforced composite laminated cylindrical panel.

In this study, torsional buckling behavior of a laminated composite cylindrical shell panel reinforced with graphene nano-sheets is analyzed. Using the theory of linear three-dimensional elasticity and based on the principle of virtual work and finite element method, equilibrium equations are extracted. Buckling loads are obtained based on a generalized geometric stiffness concept. Halpin-Sai equations are also used to obtain the mechanical properties of the composite material. The effects of weight fractions and graphene distribution pattern along the thickness of the shell, and zigzag and armchair layup of graphene platelets on the torsional buckling loads are investigated. Five graphene distribution patterns FG-X, FG-O, FG-Ʌ, FG-V and UD are utilized in this study. The 15 models of GPL distribution and arrangement of composite layers are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]