ОБСТРУКТИВНА СЪННА АПНЕЯ ПРИ ПАЦИЕНТИ С ЕКСТРЕМНО ЗАТЛЪСТЯВАНЕ

Introduction: Obesity has an increasing morbidity, and worldwide its frequency is increasing extremely rapidly. It has a negative impact on all organs and systems in the human body and is related to another, often unrecognized disease, such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Aim: to determine the frequency and severity of OSA in patients with severe obesity and to identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence. Material and methods: The study included 110 patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 40kg/m2), investigated for OSA in the Sleep Apnea Laboratory, UMHAT „Alexandrovska" for the 2019-2022 period. Different clinical methods were used. Polysomnography was performed in all patients. Results: Of the total number of examined patients, 72 (65.45%) were diagnosed with OSA (27 females and 45 males). Of them 22 patients were with mild OSA, 20 - with moderate and 30 - with severe OSA. There is a positive correlation between OSA and age (r = 0.207, p = 0.030), body weight (r = 0.420; p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.382; p < 0.001) and male gender (r = 0.474; p < 0.001). Factors increasing the probability of OSA in severe obesity are male gender (OR 8.89; 95% CI 3.29-24.02; p = 0.001), increase in body weight by 10% (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.00-3.02; p = 0.002) and the increase in BMI by 10 kg/m2 (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.01-3.07; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Obesity is a powerful risk factor for the development and progression of OSA. In patients with severe obesity, the incidence of OSA is much higher than in the general population. Increasing body weight is associated with increased severity of OSA. Advancing age as well as male gender are associated with a higher risk of developing OSA. The diagnosis of OSA and its treatment can lead to a significant improvement in the condition and quality of life in the group of patients with severe obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]