Design of laser-induced graphene electrodes for water splitting.

Efficient energy storage from intermittent renewables can rely on the conversion of temporary energy excess by alkaline electrolysis, yielding oxygen and green hydrogen, which can be stored and used on demand. Electrodes made of laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials offer many advantages over the traditional graphene processing routes, due to inherent simplicity and low cost-benefit. Despite poorly studied, LIG electrodes are promising for water splitting when properly doped/modified with metals. However, proper design and processing optimization should be considered. The present study is devoted to the laser processing effects on the LIG electrode performance towards water splitting in alkaline media. Promising guidelines were obtained for hydrogen production, showing high electrochemical activity, while the microstructural degradation can be minimised by selecting suitable laser processing conditions, such as 3.6 W of laser power, 100 mm/s of laser scan rate, 36 mJ/mm of energy density and 2 laser scans. • Laser processing affects the LIG electrode performance during water splitting. • Effects of laser power, scan rate, energy density and laser scans were studied. • Low laser power is an essential processing parameter for the LIG's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]