Effects of biological pre-digestion of sewage sludge processed by fast pyrolysis on bio-oil yield and biochar toxicity.

[Display omitted] • Aerobic SS had the lowest energy with the lowest Ea to start pyrolysis reaction. • The bio-oil yield of aerobic SS was higher than that of raw and anaerobic SS. • Digested SSs required higher temperatures for higher bio-oil yields than raw SS. • Biochar from aerobic SS was most suitable for soil amendment. Studies on the evaluation of sewage sludge (SS) as a feedstock through thermochemical processes have gained momentum. Due to the complex structure of SS, it is necessary to determine SS treatment stage to which thermochemical processes will be added to the wastewater treatment plants and to configure the optimum process scheme. The pyrolysis process is an important process for resource recovery as bio-oil and biochar. While bio-oil is important source of the value-added products, biochar is widely evaluated as soil improver. With the aim of the designation of the optimum process scheme for pyrolysis of three different sewage sludges (SSs): raw SS (RSS), anaerobically digested SS (ANSS), and aerobically digested SS (AESS); after the investigation of thermal behaviors by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the optimum process conditions were investigated to obtain maximum possible bio-oil yield from fast pyrolysis of SSs. By applying the central composite design in the response surface methodology, optimum fast pyrolysis operating conditions were determined for each SS type and the fast pyrolysis products obtained under optimum conditions were characterized. While the highest HHV was achieved for RSS, lowest activation energy (Ea) and maximum bio-oil yield was achieved for AESS. The optimum fast pyrolysis operating conditions for obtaining maximum bio-oil yield as 35.75 % were determined as 485 °C and 100 mL min−1 carrier gas flowrate for AESS. While the bio-oil produced from ANSS was determined as a resource for oleic acid production, the toxicity test results revealed that biochar produced from fast pyrolysis of AESS is suitable for soil amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]