Nanoconfinement-enhanced Fenton-like polymerization via hollow hetero-shell carbon for reducing carbon emissions in organic wastewater purification.

[Display omitted] • Hollow hetero-shell structured CN@C confined graphite N in the inner shell. • The structure regulated the C N and C O and the mass transfer rate. • The reaction rate increased by 503 times. • Removal of BPAF via the polymerization pathway. Lower reaction speed and excessive oxidant inputs impede the removal of contaminants from water via the advanced oxidation processes based on peroxymonosulfate. Herein, we report a new confined catalysis paradigm via the hollow hetero-shell structured CN@C (H-CN@C), which permits effective decontamination through polymerization with faster reaction rates and lower oxidant dosage. The confined space structures regulated the C N and C O and electron density of the inner shell, which increased the electron transfer rate and mass transfer rate. As a result, C N in H-CN@C-10 reacted with peroxymonosulfate in preference to C O to generate singlet oxygen, improving the second-order reaction kinetics by 503 times. The identification of oxidation products implied that bisphenol AF could effectively remove by polymerization, which could reduce carbon dioxide emissions. These favorable properties make the nanoconfined catalytic polymerization of contaminants a remarkably promising nanocatalytic water purification technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]