Parvovirus B19 infection – harmless virus or pregnancy threat?

Introduction. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is the causative agent of the relatively benign childhood disease erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). Maternal B19V infection can lead to serious fetal complications during pregnancy. Up to 50% of women are nonimmune and susceptible to B19V infection. Methodology. We studied the literature and we search for the most frequent complications that were reported in the European Union regarding the parvovirus B19 infection. Results. Infection may result in anemia, spontaneous abortion and/or hydrops fetalis. The early diagnosis of B19V infection will identify those at risk and may allow for early intervention therapy, thereby improving fetal survival. The virus is spread via aerosol droplets through the respiratory route. It can be spread transplacentally to the fetus during active maternal infection (33% transmission rate across the placenta). Conclusions. Most pregnant women are asymptomatic but, for an appropriate patient management, there is a need for an accurate B19V diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]