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Laser-scribed graphene on polyetherimide substrate: an electrochemical sensor platform for forensic determination of xylazine in urine and beverage samples.
- Source :
-
Microchimica Acta . Dec2022, Vol. 189 Issue 12, p1-11. 11p. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- A laser-scribed graphene (LSG) device fabricated on polymeric polyetherimide (PEI) substrate is reported for sensitive electrochemical detection of xylazine (XLZ), a veterinary drug that has been associated with drug-facilitated crimes. Morphological characterization was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), demonstrating that the electrochemical device presents a highly porous carbonaceous structure. In addition, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wettability, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were used to characterize the PEI-LSG material, which showed superior electroanalytical performance after a simple anodic treatment in an alkaline medium (applying 2 V for 120 s in 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH solution). The electrochemical determination of XLZ was carried out using square wave voltammetry (SWV), which showed sensitivity and coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.206 ± 0.008 A L mol−1 cm−2 and 0.991, respectively. In addition, we obtained a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.39 × 10−7 mol L−1 with a linear response in the concentration range 5.0 to 200.0 × 10−6 mol L−1. The PEI-LSG electrochemical sensor was applied to XLZ detection in commercial beverage and synthetic urine samples, providing recoveries between 96.0 and 114.8%. Collectively, our electrochemical sensor presents an easy method to manufacture reproducible (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.56%), low-cost ($0.12), and single-use (disposable) devices, which is a promising way for in-field determination of drug-facilitated sexual assaults and other relevant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00263672
- Volume :
- 189
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Microchimica Acta
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 160907961
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05566-1