Overview of properties, applications, and synthesis of 4d-series doped/substituted cobalt ferrite.

[Display omitted] • Properties of CF-NPs can be modified by changing the routes of synthesis, dopant element and its concentration, annealing temperature of the product, and the precursors used for synthesising this material. • Routes of synthesis, and thermal treatment influenced the particle size of samples, morphology, and structure. • X-ray diffraction technique was used to study the crystal structure and size. • Compositional analysis was done using FTIR. • Magnetic properties were studied using vibrational sample magnetometer. The review on doping/substitution and modification of properties of cobalt ferrites. Ferrites have great importance in the field of material science. Cobalt ferrite is one of them which have immense scientific interest due to its unique properties and applications. This material exhibits numerous remarkable properties e.g., magnetic, dielectric, optical, photocatalytic, and catalytic, to name but a few. They also show antibacterial activities. Properties of CF can be tailored by several ways. This provides an opportunity to create materials of desired properties. Several methods have been used to synthesise this material. Although, it has been observed that sol–gel route and its modifications are widely used. The method of synthesis, heat treatment and effect of doping strongly influenced the particle size of samples, morphology, and structure, and hence their properties like electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. Biomedical applications also depend upon these properties of the material. Their properties can also be tailored by doping with transition metals and rare earth element. It is possible to prepare nanocomposites of this material, which opens a new area that can be utilized by scientists and technocrats for the enhancement of knowledge and cutting edge technology. In this age, when the human civilisation is going for digitization, magnetic materials of this quality that can be used for storage and transportation of data, makes its own prominent place in the world of technology. Here, we have reviewed properties, applications, and routes of synthesis of CF doped with elements of 4d-series. To our knowledge this has not be done in the recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]