Operando systems for synchrotron studies of additive manufacturing processes.

The article contributed by Dass I et al. i reports the development of blown-powder DED system for I operando i synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments.[10] In this system, the powder nozzle and the heating laser are decoupled and controlled independently. The article contributed by Zhang I et al. i reviews the history of applying lab-based and synchrotron x-ray imaging techniques for the I in situ i study of the laser welding process.[1] Modern fusion-based AM techniques can, in fact, find their root in welding. The recent surge in I operando i synchrotron experiments on AM started only about five years ago,[[12], [14]] yet there are now more than 20 apparatuses being used at almost all major synchrotron facilities by an expanding research community. [Extracted from the article]