Recent Progress of Smart Nano-Based Biosensors and their Applications in Biomedicine.

Recent advances in miniaturized nano-based devices are rapidly extending the boundaries of biomedical technologies, particularly biosensors. Highly selective biosensors with the ability to simultaneously detect multiple targets were developed in recent years. The most eye-catching classifications of such biosensors coupled with the emergence of stimuli-responsive and CRISPR/Cas-sensitive systems. Furthermore, attractive features of wearable and implantable biosensors have led to the design of portable, remote controllable diagnostic systems for tackling healthcare challenges in every part of the world, especially in places with limited access to clinical resources. Nevertheless, there are still some barriers to widespread applications of biosensors due mainly to their high costs and the lack of a single biosensing device for highly selective targeting of multiple analytes. Herein, we review the latest developments in biomedical technologies with a focus on biosensors including smart stimuli-responsive, CRISPR/Cas-sensitive, wearable, and implantable biosensors to spark innovations in this field. In the current study, the advancing, innovative, and attractive field of biosensor technologies have been reviewed, along with the simultaneous and recent advances in miniaturized nano-based devices, development of smart stimuli-responsive, and CRISPR/Cas-sensitive diagnostic tools. Highly selective biosensors with the ability to simultaneously detect multiple targets extended from wearable and implantable biosensors to smart stimuli-responsive and CRISPR/Cas-sensitive biosensors, their advantages, disadvantages, barriers, and the latest developments have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]