Multifunctional sensors based on TiO2-Sb-SbOx films, formed by anodic–cathodic electrochemical treatment of titanium.

Ti/TiO2-Sb-SbOx multifunctional sensors were obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation in the anodic–cathodic mode. The resulting films contain TiO2 and up to 5 at.% Sb in the form of Sb0 and Sb6O13. Electrode functions E vs pH are linear in the range of pH 2 ÷ 10 with slopes of 68 ± 6 and 48 ± 2 mV·pH−1 for sensors formed at iC/iA = 1 and 1.2, respectively. The Ti/TiO2-Sb-SbOx sensor obtained at iC/iA = 1.2, despite its low response, shows results similar to the glass electrode in acid–base titration and can be used to accurately determine the alkalinity of natural and technogenic waters. The possibility of application of such sensors in potentiometric acid–base, redox, complexometric, and precipitation chemical reactions was revealed. The multifunctionality of the Ti/TiO2-Sb-SbOx sensor makes it possible to analyze aqueous solutions of complex composition using the same electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]