Critical support for different stages of innovation in agriculture: What, when, how?

The agricultural sector is undergoing several transitions through "smart-farming" technologies. To make this innovation responsible, it is critical to support technological innovation at different stages of innovation with customized strategies for the individual technology. What are the critical support functions at different stages of technological innovation in agriculture? Four technologies are analysed: Automated Milking Systems (AMS), a digital fencing system for the virtual herding of goats, a technology for drone-based observation and management in agriculture and forestry, and round baler silage systems. These are analysed as sociotechnical constructions of multiple stakeholders, with heterogeneous pathways to societal acceptance and practical usage on the farm. To provide information about how such technology can be created in a responsible manner, the paper suggests a Balanced Readiness Level assessment (BRLa) to highlight five dimensions for technological maturity: technological, market, regulatory, social acceptance, and organizational maturity. Through this approach, the findings show that each phase of the technological development benefits from specifically targeted support and that support functions should not be underestimated in order to get technology to a higher level of acceptance. Agriculture is facing challenges that demand transition of the sector. Supporting invention to stimulate innovation is important; supporting implementation is also important, but identifying the supporting functions that can have an impact at the societal level is crucial to stimulating transition of the system. This paper clarifies the variations of the supporting functions. [Display omitted] • Exploring critical support functions at different stages of technological innovation in agriculture • Balanced Readiness Level assessment (BRLa) highlight technology, market, regulation, social acceptance, and organization • Technology is socio-technically constructed by multiple stakeholders negotiating technological innovation • Crucial to identify the supporting functions that have an impact to stimulate the system's transition at the macro-level [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]