Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Direct Injection under Different Speeds and Loads.

Highlights: What are the main findings? ABE is an excellent alternative fuel for spark ignition engines ABE fuel enables spark ignition engines to have good power performance and emissions performances What is the implications of the main findings? Gasoline port injection plus ABE direct injection was adopted in this paper In total, an 80% ABE direct injection ratio can obtain excellent power performance at low and medium engine speeds and loads With the further increase in the engine speed and load, pure ABE is optimal to meet power demands A direct injection ratio between 60% and 80% ABE can keep gaseous and particle emissions at low levels ABE plus gasoline combined injection can improve the combustion performance and emission performances effectively ABE can be used as an alternative fuel for engines. This paper studies the combustion and emission performances of an SI engine with GPI plus ABEDI at different engine speeds and loads. The engine operating conditions included speeds of 1000–2600 rpm at the MAP = 50 kPa and loads of MAP = 30–70 kPa at a speed of 1800 rpm. The ABEDIr contained 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. At speeds = 1000–1800 or 2200–2600 rpm, the testing results showed the ABEDIr corresponding to the maximum IMEP at 80% or 100%. When the ABEDIr = 60%, HC and NOx emissions were the lowest at speeds of 1000–2600 rpm. Meanwhile, NPN and APN both decreased with the increasing of ABEDIr. As the MAP increased, CA0-90 decreased. At different loads, ABE-added fuels had lower HC and NOx emissions and higher IMEP values than pure gasoline. PN was lower than 4 × 104 n/cm3 when the ABEDIr was over 80%. Overall, 80% ABEDIr is a great choice for engine performance at the test range of loads and speeds, and pure ABE fuel is better if the power performance is the main requirement at high speeds and loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]