Plasma Characteristics of the Earth's Ionosphere in F-layer.

In this research, the plasma parameters of the ionospheric F-layer have been calculated during daytime at 12 PM condition for four different months (January, April, July and October) over Iraqi capital “ Baghdad” (44.3° E, 33.3° N) during the year 2019 that represents the beginning of the solar cycle 25. Depending on the impact of the solar activity that was represented by the number of sunspot (SSN) and solar flux (F10.7 cm) on the variation and behavior of the electron density (ne) and the electron temperature (Te) which have been conducted using the international reference ionosphere (IRI 2016) model which was considered as one of the recommended international models for different heights (150 500) km with 50 km increment. It has been noticed that the seasonal variations of electron density (ne) and frequency (fpe) around the equinoxes are higher than those in summer and winter for solar minimum (2019).While λDe around the equinoxes (April and October) is lower than that of summer and winter for solar minimum (2019). It has been explained as a positive correlation between the thermal velocity of electron (υte) and (Te) in all seasonal variation of ionosphere for the selected year. In this paper, the weakness of the electron coupling parameter in the ionosphere was proved in all seasons of the year 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]