Integrative climate leadership in multi-level policy packages for urban mobility - A study of governance systems in two Nordic urban regions.

This paper involves a comparative study of policymaking related to urban transport in the Gothenburg and Oslo regions. It sets out to show how strong climate leadership relates to the integration of policy measures and governance systems. Methodologically, we apply document analysis and qualitative interviews with key informants. Our clearest finding is the importance of the city's contextual governance framework for integrative climate leadership. The strong components of the leadership in Oslo—involving both horizontal and upward coordination—rely on a well-developed governance framework with operationalised goals, strategies and steering tools. This enables them to utilise multiple types of climate leadership. This contrasts with the lower degree of integration and defensiveness in Gothenburg, in terms of willingness to use effective but politically sensitive policy measures. • Integration between governance systems facilitates implementation of climate policy. • Integration at local level may strengthen consistency across tiers of government. • A city's governance framework is central for integrative climate leadership. • Chronological packaging enables adding climate-effective measures to initial scheme. • A distinction can be made between management- and policy-oriented urban packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]