Hemorragia alveolar difusa secundaria a poliangeítis microscópica.

BACKGROUND: Patients with microscopic polyangiitis have organ multisystemic involvement. Alveolar hemorrhage is seen with some frequency, and can be injured simultaneously the kidney, musculoskeletal, and others. The diagnostic approach in a critically ill patient can be affected by large number of factors caused by complications of hospitalization in an intensive care unit. CLINICAL CASE: A 66-year-old female patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to microscopic polyangiitis. CONCLUSIONS: Being a non-frequent entity, microscopic polyangiitis requires minimal clinical suspicion to start the diagnostic approach with paraclinical examinations according to the presentation of the disease, with computed tomography, bronchoscopy with bronchioalveolar lavage before suspected diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; and/or renal biopsy in the case of acute kidney injury with urine sediment. There is currently medical treatment that allows to obtain an adequate clinical response. In addition, new therapies are specifically found to improve clinical outcomes and reduce adverse effects associated with treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]